The Refugee Reception Crisis in Europe
Polarized Opinions and Mobilizations
First Edition
Cet ouvrage présente une étude sociologique des processus identitaires qui animent les descendants d’immigrés marocains en Belgique. Read More
Double identité, métissage, syncrétisme, hybridation... Les termes ne manquent pas pour désigner l’identité de ceux que l’on nomme tantôt Marocains, tantôt Belges, ou encore les deux à la fois (Belgo-marocain, Belge d’origine marocaine, Marocain de Belgique, « Maghrébelge »...). Cette identité qui pose tant question est d’ailleurs surinvestie par les médias, le politique, l’opinion publique et la recherche.
Ce que l’auteure propose ici, c’est d’aborder cette problématique en opérant un renouvellement du regard. Son choix a été de sortir l’étude de la question identitaire des descendants d’immigrés de la catégorie « étude sur l’immigration » et de la faire entrer dans une sociologie générale de l’identité. Cela permet de considérer ces personnes issues de l’immigration comme participant d’un mode de construction de soi moderne et non comme des « immigrés » définis par une culture originelle. Or, la modernité est précisément caractérisée par l’ouverture à la « mobilité identitaire » : les identités ne s’héritent plus nécessairement, se choisissent quelquefois et se bricolent la plupart du temps...
Cet ouvrage s’articule en deux parties. La première explore les multiples figures des enfants de l’immigration. On y découvre une typologie des manières de se situer dans la filiation, avec aux extrêmes ceux qui se veulent pleinement dans la continuité et ceux qui ont rompu tout ou partie du lien avec leur famille. La seconde se penche sur les effets de la domination sociale, en examinant la question d’une assignation identitaire caractérisée par la stigmatisation de l’identité marocaine. Comment se construire à partir d’un positionnement social qui enferme parfois, qui disqualifie souvent, tout en obéissant à l’injonction à être soi qui est propre à la modernité ?
Les résultats présentés reposent sur une large enquête de terrain basée sur le recueil d’entretiens biographiques. C’est en partant du récit et de la capacité réflexive des acteurs que s’est construite l’analyse qui s’appuie sur de larges extraits des entretiens.
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Specifications
- Publisher
- Éditions de l'Université de Bruxelles
- Introduction by
- Andrea Rea, Marco Martiniello, Alessandro Mazzola, Bart Meuleman,
- Edited by
- Andrea Rea, Marco Martiniello, Alessandro Mazzola, Bart Meuleman,
- Contributions by
- Maurizio Ambrosini, Arno Van Hootegem, Pieter Bevelander, Priska Daphi, Elien Diels, Theodoros Fouskas, Anders Hellström, Sophie Hinger, Annie Hondeghem, András Kováts, Alessandro Mazzola, Elsa Mescoli, Bart Meuleman, Andrea Rea, Marije Reidsma,
- Collection
- European Studies | n° 63
- ISSN
- 13780352
- Language
- English
- Supporting Website
- Oapen.org
- Publisher Category
- Publishers own classification > Political Science
- Publisher Category
- Publishers own classification > Sociology & Anthropology
- BISAC Subject Heading
- SOC066000 SOCIAL SCIENCE / Refugees
- BIC subject category (UK)
- J Society & social sciences
- Onix Audience Codes
- 06 Professional and scholarly
- CLIL (Version 2013-2019)
- 3091 Migrations et immigrations
- Subject Scheme Identifier Code
- Thema subject category: Migration, immigration and emigration
- Includes
- Bibliography
Paperback
- Publication Date
- 18 October 2019
- ISBN-13
- 978-2-8004-1693-9
- Product Content
- Text (eye-readable)
- Extent
- Main content page count : 256, Absolute page count : 256
- Code
- 1693
- ONIX XML
- Version 2.1, Version 3
- Publication Date
- 23 October 2019
- ISBN-13
- 978-2-8004-1709-7
- Product Content
- Text (eye-readable)
- Extent
- Main content page count : 256, Absolute page count : 256
- Code
- 1709
- DOI
- 10.26530/OAPEN_1005529
- ONIX XML
- Version 2.1, Version 3
Google Book Preview
Contents
- Acknowledgements
- Preliminary Remarks
- INTRODUCTION. – The Refugee Reception Crisis in Europe. Polarized Opinions and Mobilizations | Andrea REA, Marco MARTINIELLO,
- Alessandro MAZZOLA and Bart MEULEMAN
The Long Summer of Migration
Who Is a Migrant? Who Is a Refugee?
"Refugee Reception Crisis" Rather than "Refugee Crisis"
Attitudes Towards Migrants and Refugees: Polarized Opinions
Civil Society Mobilization
Motivations and Frames of Mobilization
The Collective Dimension of Mobilization
- CHAPTER I. – European Citizens' Opinions Towards Immigration and Asylum Policies. A Quantitative Comparative Analysis
| Arno VAN HOOTEGEM and Bart MEULEMAN
Introduction
Trends in Economic and Cultural Threat Perceptions from 2002 to 2016
Cross-national evolutions
The evolution of perceived threat in Belgium by region
European Citizens' Attitudes Towards Asylum Policy
Attitudes towards asylum policies: 2002 and 2016 compared
Explaining attitudes towards asylum policy: Individual and contextual determinants
Comparing attitudes towards asylum policy with attitudes towards immigration policy
Conclusion
- CHAPTER II. – Divided Reactions: Pro- and Anti-Migrant Mobilization in Germany | Sophie HINGER, Priska DAPHI and Verena STERN
- Introduction
Contextualizing Migration and Asylum in Germany
The dynamics of (refugee) migration to Germany
The administration of asylum in Germany
The politicization of (refugee) migration
Pro-Migrant Mobilization
Pro-migrant mobilization before 2015
The development of pro-migrant mobilization since 2015
Key actors in pro-migrant mobilization
Key demands of pro-migrant mobilization
Impact of pro-migrant mobilization
Anti-Migrant Mobilization
Anti-migrant mobilization before 2015
Development of anti-migrant mobilization since 2015
Key actors in anti-migrant mobilization
Key demands of anti-migrant mobilization
Impact of anti-migrant mobilization
Conclusions
- CHAPTER III. – Pro- and Anti-Migrant Mobilizations in Polarized Sweden | Pieter BEVELANDER and Anders HELLSTRÖM
Introduction
Immigration and Asylum in Sweden
Response from the Authorities on Arrival
Change in policy for asylum seekers
The Party-Political Landscape
Political positions on immigration in Sweden
The mainstream-left bloc
The mainstream-right coalition
Actions and Reactions to Changing Policies on Immigration and Integration by the Authorities and in Civil Society
Pro-immigration engagement in civil society
Prospects for change
Engagement in opposition to refugee integration
Concluding Discussion
- CHAPTER IV. – The Reception of Refugees and the Reactions of the Local Population in Hungary | András KOVÁTS
- and Alessandro MAZZOLA
The Reception Crisis Years
Asylum statistics of the preceding years
Chronology of the refugee reception crisis from January 2015 to October 2016
Developments since October 2016
The Asylum System after the Crisis
Political communication and public debate
Reaction of the public – survey and public opinion poll findings
Citizens' Mobilization During and After the Reception Crisis
Civil society organizations involved in the reception crisis
The unfolding conflict between the government and civil society
Summing up the present situation
- CHAPTER V. – Unravelling Solidarity and Hostility: Mobilizations Concerning Migrants, Asylum Seekers and Refugees in Anti-Migrant Times in Greece
| Theodoros FOUSKAS
Introduction
Immigration and Asylum in Greece
National strategy for integration
Methodology
The Political Landscape in Greece: the Politicization of Migration Issues
Pre-Existing Citizen Initiatives and Mobilization in Support of Migrants and Refugees
Pre-Existing Hatred Against Refugees, Asylum Seekers and Migrants: Golden Dawn (GD)
Solidarity Versus Hostility: Pro- and Anti-Migrant Citizen Mobilization since 2015
Protesting for humanitarian and for hostile causes during and after 2015
Mobilized citizen profile: "solidarians", raid battalions, activists and self-mobilized citizens
Conclusion
- CHAPTER VI. – The Imaginary Invasion: How the Discourse on the "Refugee Crisis" Has Impacted Italian Politics and Society
| Maurizio AMBROSINI
The Context: Immigration in a Historical Country of Emigration
The construction of the "refugee crisis" in Italy
The anti-refugee wave in Italian politics
The Opposition of Local Authorities to the Settlement of Asylum Seekers and to Reception Facilities
The far right and mobilization against asylum seekers - Mobilizations and Initiatives in Favour of Refugees
Three examples of pro-refugee mobilization
Conclusions: How the "Refugee Crisis" is Changing Italian Politics
- CHAPTER VII. – Mobilizations and Opinions Regarding Asylum Seekers, Refugees and Undocumented Migrants in Belgium:
- Frames, Motivations and Actions | Elsa MESCOLI, Marije REIDSMA, Elien DIELS, Annie HONDGHEM, Alessandro MAZZOLA,
- Antoine ROBLAIN and Andrea REA
Preliminary Remarks on The Research
Introduction
Previous research results
Research topics summarized
Context of the Belgian Asylum Policy
A history of refugee crises
Facts and figures
Multi-level and multi-actor governance
The involvement of local government in the policy field of asylum
Policy and discourses of the federal government
Methodology
Choice of the field sites: localities with a reception centre
Grassroots initiatives
Fieldwork methodology
Pro-Migrant Mobilization Actions – Frames of Mobilization
The humanitarian (and legalist) rationale in Zeebrugge and Brussels
The rationale of the "transversal struggles" in Liège
The refugee reception crisis as humanitarian "momentum" in old and new reception sites
Conflicts between volunteers and centre operators in newly opened centres
Reasons for Mobilization: A Focus on Opinions
From empathy and solidarity to a subversive will
Giving and receiving through volunteering
The "us and them" prejudice
The cultural citizenship motive
Mobilization Against Reception
A non-structured polarization
Information provision and protest
The pre-opening meetings
Beyond Mobilization: the Impact of a Reception Centre on Local Communities
Moments of contact
Neutral cohabitation?
The impact of the centre on local social ties
Migrants' Opinions and Action - On asylum procedure: immobility within mobility
On the reception system and its actors
Migrants' agency between constraints and autonomy
Conclusion
- References
- Biographical Notes