Les femmes et les professions scientifiques
Diplômes universitaires et accès à l'emploi
First Edition
Comment se fait-il que, malgré la meilleure réussite des filles à l’école, l’infériorisation des femmes dans l’emploi persiste ? Read More
Même si les filles ne tirent pas tous les avantages professionnels de leurs succès scolaires et si le poids des structures familiales pèse sur leur vie professionnelle, l’accès des femmes aux emplois d’encadrement et de responsabilité est devenu un fait important. Pas plus que les emplois d’exécution, les emplois universitaires ne sont à l’abri des approches "viriles" qui dominent les représentations du travail et contribuent à inférioriser les femmes. La situation des femmes universitaires dans les entreprises est cependant bien différente de celle des femmes qui se trouvent dans des positions dominées. Leur présence dans les emplois d’encadrement ne suscite sans doute plus les oppositions et les réticences qu’avaient rencontrées les générations précédentes et leurs trajectoires professionnelles et familiales ressemblent à beaucoup d’égards à celles de leurs collègues masculins.
Au terme de notre enquête, deux constats s’imposent : d’une part, les femmes ne sont plus marginales mais sont très largement présentes dans les emplois universitaires, y compris dans les professions scientifiques et techniques ; d’autre part, contrairement aux assertions courantes, on ne peut parler de "désaffection" à l’égard des filières scientifiques et techniques. Des verrous ont donc bien sauté pour les générations des femmes diplômées universitaires d’après 1970.
Mais des obstacles demeurent. Dans leur carrière professionnelle, les femmes continuent à se heurter à un "plafond de verre", même s’il s’est déplacé vers le haut. Et les inégalités dans la répartition des charges familiales conduisent à faire peser différemment sur les femmes et sur les hommes les contraintes de la vie professionnelle, et à fragiliser les carrières féminines. Ainsi, alors que les professions scientifiques et techniques sont désormais largement ouvertes aux femmes, les normes implicites qui délimitent les secteurs à domination masculine continuent à faire des carrières féminines un parcours d’obstacles.
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Specifications
- Publisher
- Éditions de l'Université de Bruxelles
- Author
- Mateo Alaluf, Najat Imatouchan, Pierre Marage, Serge Pahaut, Robertine Sanvura, Ann Valkeneers,
- Collection
- Sociology and Anthropology | n° 8
- ISSN
- 25935895
- Language
- French
- Supporting Website
- Oapen.org
- Publisher Category
- Publishers own classification > Psychology & Education
- Publisher Category
- Publishers own classification > Sociology & Anthropology
- BISAC Subject Heading
- SOC028000 SOCIAL SCIENCE / Women's Studies
- Onix Audience Codes
- 06 Professional and scholarly
- CLIL (Version 2013-2019)
- 3080 SCIENCES HUMAINES ET SOCIALES, LETTRES
- Subject Scheme Identifier Code
- Thema subject category: Society and culture: general
Paperback
- Publication Date
- 18 October 2019
- ISBN-13
- 978-2-8004-1693-9
- Product Content
- Text (eye-readable)
- Extent
- Main content page count : 256, Absolute page count : 256
- Code
- 1693
- Dimensions
- 160 x 240 x 20 cm
- Weight
- 421 grams
- ONIX XML
- Version 2.1, Version 3
- Publication Date
- 23 October 2019
- ISBN-13
- 978-2-8004-1709-7
- Product Content
- Text (eye-readable)
- Extent
- Main content page count : 256, Absolute page count : 256
- Code
- 1709
- DOI
- 10.26530/OAPEN_1005529
- ONIX XML
- Version 2.1, Version 3
Google Book Preview
Contents
- Acknowledgements
- Preliminary Remarks
- INTRODUCTION. – The Refugee Reception Crisis in Europe. Polarized Opinions and Mobilizations | Andrea REA, Marco MARTINIELLO,
- Alessandro MAZZOLA and Bart MEULEMAN
The Long Summer of Migration
Who Is a Migrant? Who Is a Refugee?
"Refugee Reception Crisis" Rather than "Refugee Crisis"
Attitudes Towards Migrants and Refugees: Polarized Opinions
Civil Society Mobilization
Motivations and Frames of Mobilization
The Collective Dimension of Mobilization
- CHAPTER I. – European Citizens' Opinions Towards Immigration and Asylum Policies. A Quantitative Comparative Analysis
| Arno VAN HOOTEGEM and Bart MEULEMAN
Introduction
Trends in Economic and Cultural Threat Perceptions from 2002 to 2016
Cross-national evolutions
The evolution of perceived threat in Belgium by region
European Citizens' Attitudes Towards Asylum Policy
Attitudes towards asylum policies: 2002 and 2016 compared
Explaining attitudes towards asylum policy: Individual and contextual determinants
Comparing attitudes towards asylum policy with attitudes towards immigration policy
Conclusion
- CHAPTER II. – Divided Reactions: Pro- and Anti-Migrant Mobilization in Germany | Sophie HINGER, Priska DAPHI and Verena STERN
- Introduction
Contextualizing Migration and Asylum in Germany
The dynamics of (refugee) migration to Germany
The administration of asylum in Germany
The politicization of (refugee) migration
Pro-Migrant Mobilization
Pro-migrant mobilization before 2015
The development of pro-migrant mobilization since 2015
Key actors in pro-migrant mobilization
Key demands of pro-migrant mobilization
Impact of pro-migrant mobilization
Anti-Migrant Mobilization
Anti-migrant mobilization before 2015
Development of anti-migrant mobilization since 2015
Key actors in anti-migrant mobilization
Key demands of anti-migrant mobilization
Impact of anti-migrant mobilization
Conclusions
- CHAPTER III. – Pro- and Anti-Migrant Mobilizations in Polarized Sweden | Pieter BEVELANDER and Anders HELLSTRÖM
Introduction
Immigration and Asylum in Sweden
Response from the Authorities on Arrival
Change in policy for asylum seekers
The Party-Political Landscape
Political positions on immigration in Sweden
The mainstream-left bloc
The mainstream-right coalition
Actions and Reactions to Changing Policies on Immigration and Integration by the Authorities and in Civil Society
Pro-immigration engagement in civil society
Prospects for change
Engagement in opposition to refugee integration
Concluding Discussion
- CHAPTER IV. – The Reception of Refugees and the Reactions of the Local Population in Hungary | András KOVÁTS
- and Alessandro MAZZOLA
The Reception Crisis Years
Asylum statistics of the preceding years
Chronology of the refugee reception crisis from January 2015 to October 2016
Developments since October 2016
The Asylum System after the Crisis
Political communication and public debate
Reaction of the public – survey and public opinion poll findings
Citizens' Mobilization During and After the Reception Crisis
Civil society organizations involved in the reception crisis
The unfolding conflict between the government and civil society
Summing up the present situation
- CHAPTER V. – Unravelling Solidarity and Hostility: Mobilizations Concerning Migrants, Asylum Seekers and Refugees in Anti-Migrant Times in Greece
| Theodoros FOUSKAS
Introduction
Immigration and Asylum in Greece
National strategy for integration
Methodology
The Political Landscape in Greece: the Politicization of Migration Issues
Pre-Existing Citizen Initiatives and Mobilization in Support of Migrants and Refugees
Pre-Existing Hatred Against Refugees, Asylum Seekers and Migrants: Golden Dawn (GD)
Solidarity Versus Hostility: Pro- and Anti-Migrant Citizen Mobilization since 2015
Protesting for humanitarian and for hostile causes during and after 2015
Mobilized citizen profile: "solidarians", raid battalions, activists and self-mobilized citizens
Conclusion
- CHAPTER VI. – The Imaginary Invasion: How the Discourse on the "Refugee Crisis" Has Impacted Italian Politics and Society
| Maurizio AMBROSINI
The Context: Immigration in a Historical Country of Emigration
The construction of the "refugee crisis" in Italy
The anti-refugee wave in Italian politics
The Opposition of Local Authorities to the Settlement of Asylum Seekers and to Reception Facilities
The far right and mobilization against asylum seekers - Mobilizations and Initiatives in Favour of Refugees
Three examples of pro-refugee mobilization
Conclusions: How the "Refugee Crisis" is Changing Italian Politics
- CHAPTER VII. – Mobilizations and Opinions Regarding Asylum Seekers, Refugees and Undocumented Migrants in Belgium:
- Frames, Motivations and Actions | Elsa MESCOLI, Marije REIDSMA, Elien DIELS, Annie HONDGHEM, Alessandro MAZZOLA,
- Antoine ROBLAIN and Andrea REA
Preliminary Remarks on The Research
Introduction
Previous research results
Research topics summarized
Context of the Belgian Asylum Policy
A history of refugee crises
Facts and figures
Multi-level and multi-actor governance
The involvement of local government in the policy field of asylum
Policy and discourses of the federal government
Methodology
Choice of the field sites: localities with a reception centre
Grassroots initiatives
Fieldwork methodology
Pro-Migrant Mobilization Actions – Frames of Mobilization
The humanitarian (and legalist) rationale in Zeebrugge and Brussels
The rationale of the "transversal struggles" in Liège
The refugee reception crisis as humanitarian "momentum" in old and new reception sites
Conflicts between volunteers and centre operators in newly opened centres
Reasons for Mobilization: A Focus on Opinions
From empathy and solidarity to a subversive will
Giving and receiving through volunteering
The "us and them" prejudice
The cultural citizenship motive
Mobilization Against Reception
A non-structured polarization
Information provision and protest
The pre-opening meetings
Beyond Mobilization: the Impact of a Reception Centre on Local Communities
Moments of contact
Neutral cohabitation?
The impact of the centre on local social ties
Migrants' Opinions and Action - On asylum procedure: immobility within mobility
On the reception system and its actors
Migrants' agency between constraints and autonomy
Conclusion
- References
- Biographical Notes